Egypt’s energy consumption in the road transport sector amounted to 32% of its final energy consumption in 2016 (IEA Atlas of Energy) (2013: 31%; 2000: 30%), whereas energy consumption per capita amounted to 900 kg of oil equivalent in 2016 (IEA Atlas of Energy), against 835 kg in 2013 (in 2000: 580.6 kg). Electricity consumption amounted to 1,700 kWh per capita in 2016, against 1,697.5 kWh in 2013 and 984.1 kWh in 2000 (IEA Atlas of Energy). After a period of decline between 2004 and 2007, according to IEA Atlas of Energy, the contribution of the residential sector in the total energy consumption is increasing (2000: 21%, 2004: 22%, 2007: 19%, 2010:21%, 2016: 24%). In line with the same database, the share of renewables in the overall electricity generation is in the range of 8-10% after 2010.
According to IEA Atlas of Energy, figures of CO2 emissions in Egypt were 2.14 metric tons per capita in 2016 against 2.13 metric tons in 2011 and 1.43 metric tons in 2000. Like in other countries, CO2 emissions in Egypt mainly stem from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement, including those produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Key Data
Total GHG emissions: 204.8 MtCO2 (IEA, 2016)
Per capita CO2 emissions: 2.1 t CO2 /capita (IEA, 2016)
Carbon intensity of the economy: 0.8 kgCO2 /2010 USD (IEA, 2016)
Carbon intensity of the economy (PPP): 0.2 kgCO2 /2010 USD (IEA, 2016)
Carbon intensity of the energy sector: 2.4 t CO2/toe (IEA, 2016)
Share of renewable energy: 8% (IEA, 2016)
National Climate Change Policy
Milestones in Egypt’s Climate Policy |
Year |
Ratification of the Framework Convention on Climate Change |
1994 |
Submission of the initial National Communication |
1999 |
Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol |
2005 |
Establishment of the CDM –DNA |
2006 |
Submission of the Second National Communication |
2010 |
Submission of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) |
2015 |
Submission of the Third National Communication |
2016 |
Paris Agreement (signature) |
2016 |