Morocco

Mr. Bouzekri Razi

Director of Climate Change, biodiversity and Green Economy – Ministry of Energy Transition and Sustainable Developement.

bz.razi@gmail.com

Members of National Coordination Group (NCG)

Department of Energy Transition, Ministry of Energy Transition and Sustainable Developement.
Department of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Energy Transition and Sustainable Developement.
Municipal Equipment Fund (FEC)
Moroccan Agency for Energy Efficiency (AMEE)
Economic, Social and Environmental Council (CESE)
Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy (Masen)
Moroccan Association for Eco-Cities (AMEV)
Research Institute for Solar Energy and New Energies (IRESEN)
Morocco Climate Change Competence Center (4C Maroc)
Directorate General of Local Authorities (DGCL)

Population (2018): 35,434,607 (estimates – national statistics)
Population (2014): 33,610,084 (census data – national statistics)
Population (2004): 29,680,069 (census data – national statistics)

Largest provinces (inhabitants – census data from national statistics):

Casablanca (2014 census: 3,343,642)
Marrakesh (2014 census: 1,323,005)
Fes (2014 census: 1,146,088)
Tanger – Assilah (2014 census: 1,060,261)
Kenitra (2014 census: 1,052,177)
Sale (2014 census: 973,418)

Annual population growth (2017): 1.3% (World Bank)
Annual population growth (2017): 1.3 %
Annual population growth (2014): 1.46 %
Annual population growth (2004): 1.1 %

Data from national statistics’ census data, cities’ annual population growth calculated based on data from worldbank.

Morocco is the fifth largest economy in Africa, and is considered relatively liberal governed by the law of supply and demand. The country is the world’s biggest exporter and third producer of phosphorus. Economic growth has become far more diversified, with new service and industrial poles, like Casablanca and Tangier. Agriculture is being rehabilitated. The services sector accounts for half of GDP. Industry (mining, construction and manufacturing) is an additional quarter.

83.6% of the population has access to proper water sources and 87.6% to proper sanitation. In 2014 Morocco generated 6.85 million tons of municipal solid waste (per person 0.55 kg/day on average, 0.76 kg/day in urban areas and 0.3 kg/day in rural areas) (Worldbank, 2018). The amount of waste is growing by 1.36% annually. Waste collection coverage in urban areas reaches 85%. The final destination of collected waste is generally open-dumping (52%) and landfilling (37%), while an amount of 8% is being recycled (GIZ, 2014 – Country report on Solid Waste Management in Morocco).

Morocco’s energy consumption in the road transport sector amounted to 36% of its final energy consumption in 2016 (2010: 34%; 2000: 31%), whereas energy consumption per capita according to worldbank data amounted to 553 kg of oil equivalent in 2016, against 527 kg in 2010 and 381.9 kg in 2000. Electricity consumption amounted to 900 kWh per capita in 2016, against 770 kWh in 2010 and 490 kWh in 2000 (IEA Atlas of Energy). The share of the residential sector in the final energy consumption during the past decade is relatively stable, ranging between 24-26% (IEA Atlas of Energy). In line with the same database, the penetration of renewables in the overall electricity generation presents one of the highest percentages in the region, having achieved at least 6% after 2000, and reaching 15% in 2016.

According to IEA and World Bank figures CO2 emissions in Morocco amounted to 1.57 metric tons per capita in 2016 against 1.43 metric tons in 2010 and 1.02 metric tons in 2000, presenting relevant stabilization over the past three years. CO₂ emissions in Morocco stem from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement and include those produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.

Key Data

Total GHG emissions: 55.3MtCO₂ (IEA, 2016)
Per capita CO₂ emissions: 1.6 t CO₂ /capita (IEA, 2016)
Carbon intensity of the economy: 0.5 kgCO₂ /2010 USD (IEA, 2016)
Carbon intensity of the economy (PPP): 0.2 kgCO₂ /2010 USD (IEA, 2016)
Carbon intensity of the energy sector: 2.8 t CO₂/toe (IEA, 2016)
Share of renewable energy: 15% (IEA, 2016)

National Climate Change Policy

Milestones in Morocco’s Climate Policy	Year
Ratification of the Framework Convention on Climate Change	1995
Submission of the initial National Communication	2001
Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol	2002
Establishment of the CDM –DNA	2002
Issuance of a National Plan against Global Warming (PNRC)	2009
Submission of the Second National Communication	2010
Submission of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)	2016
Submission of the Third National Communication	2016
Paris Agreement (entry into force)	2016

A very interesting report, underlining key facts for the agriculture sector in Morocco, is available for download here.

In terms of mitigation, Morocco has set a national greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction target of 42 % below BAU emissions by 2030, which can only be reached under the condition of benefitting from substantial support from the international community. Morocco also commits to an unconditional reduction target of 17 % below BAU levels by 2030, taking into account reductions in Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU). Morocco NDC also includes an adaptation component. More info on Morocco’s NDCs.

Morocco presented the National Plan of Action against Climate Change (PNRC) in 2009, focusing on identifying a number of adaptation priorities in agriculture, coastal areas and water scarcity. These measures were based on elements of the 2007 Morocco Green Plan for agriculture, and of the 2009 National Water Strategy.
In 2014, Morocco developed its National Climate Change Policy (MCCP) as a coordination tool of the various measures and initiatives on climate change. It provides an operational framework for the development of a medium and long-term strategy, with a vision for 2040. The policy is dynamic, participatory and flexible, to promote low-carbon climate-resilient development, emphasising on the following strategic sectoral pillars: